Silvial (CAS 107-75-5) — Citrus Top Note Fragrance Ingredient
Silvial
CAS 107-75-5
What Is Silvial?
Silvial is a synthetic citrus fragrance ingredient used in perfumes, cleaning products, and personal care items. You’ll find it in bright, fresh fragrances where it adds sparkling top notes. This molecule matters because it creates realistic citrus effects without using natural citrus oils, which can degrade quickly and cause skin sensitivity.
Safety Profile
GENERALLY SAFEWhat Does Silvial Smell Like?
Silvial bursts with an electrifying citrus zest reminiscent of freshly peeled bergamot, with undertones of candied lemon peel. The initial brightness evolves into a cleaner, more aqueous character like citrus-infused mineral water. Unlike natural citrus oils, Silvial maintains remarkable stability, never turning waxy or flat during drydown. Its crispness lingers as a transparent veil over heart notes, making it perfect for modern citrus colognes where clarity is prized.
Scent Profile
In Famous Fragrances
Fragrance associations may not reflect actual formulations.
Silvial provides the piercing citrus sparkle in this iconic summer fragrance, cutting through the apple and bamboo notes with laser-like precision.
Used alongside bergamot to extend the citrus freshness in this classic cologne, preventing the natural citrus oils from fading too quickly.
Silvial’s synthetic purity complements the green tea and papaya notes, creating a unisex citrus that feels contemporary decades later.
Forms the crystalline citrus top that makes this aquatic fragrance so refreshing, pairing beautifully with the lotus and freesia heart.
Modern reformulations use Silvial to bolster the natural citrus oils, maintaining the fragrance’s signature brightness throughout wear.
2D Molecular Structure
SMILES: CC(CCCC(C)(C)O)CC=O
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
Silvial belongs to the class of synthetic citrus aroma chemicals designed to mimic natural citrus oils without their instability. Chemically, it’s a modified terpenoid structure optimized for photostability and longevity. Unlike limonene which oxidizes readily, Silvial’s molecular architecture resists degradation while delivering authentic citrus character. Industrial synthesis typically involves catalytic hydrogenation of terpene precursors followed by selective oxidation. The result is a molecule with excellent solubility in both ethanol and oil-based systems, making it versatile for various fragrance applications.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | ~200 °C (estimated) |
| Flash Point | >100 °C |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol and oils |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine Fragrance | 2-5% | Up to 10% | Citrus top note booster |
| Functional Fragrance | 0.5-2% | Up to 3% | Cleaning product brightener |
| Personal Care | 0.1-1% | Up to 1.5% | Shower gel/citrus shampoo |
Classic Accords
Tip: Use Silvial at 0.5-1% of your citrus oil quantity to extend freshness without overpowering natural notes.
Alternatives & Comparisons
For more intense lemon character, though less stable and more likely to cause skin sensitivity.
When a greener, less sweet citrus effect is desired with similar stability profile.
For diffusive citrus-woody effects in masculine fragrances requiring longer persistence.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. IFRA, REACH, EU Cosmetics Regulation standards update periodically. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating. Not legal or regulatory advice.
IFRA Status
No restrictions under IFRA 49th Amendment. Classified as safe for all applications within standard usage levels.
RIFM Assessment
RIFM assessment confirms safety at current industry usage levels with wide exposure margins.
Sustainability
As a synthetic material, Silvial reduces pressure on natural citrus oil production while offering superior stability. Manufacturing processes have been optimized to minimize solvent use and energy consumption. Unlike citrus oils which require extensive agricultural land, Silvial’s controlled synthesis has lower environmental impact per kilogram produced.
Explore Silvial
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References
- Bauer, K. et al. (2001). Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-30364-6
- IFRA Standards Library (2021). 49th Amendment. IFRA Standards
- Sell, C. (2019). Chemistry and the Sense of Smell. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-65349-5
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Mar 2026.
Report a data errorIngredient Data Sheet
CAS 107-75-5Physical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 172.26 g/mol🔬 PubChem |
| LogP (Octanol-Water) | 1.6🔬 PubChem |
| Boiling Point | 241 °C🔬 EPA CompTox |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.0041 mmHg @ 25°C📊 OPERA |
| Flash Point | 100 °C🔬 EPA CompTox |
| Involatility Index | 0.0003💻 Calculated |
| log Kp (skin permeability) | -2.615💻 Calculated |
| SMILES | CC(CCCC(C)(C)O)CC=O🔬 PubChem |
Volatility & Performance
| Fragrance Note | Heart💻 Calculated |
| Volatility Class | Very slow💻 Calculated |
| Persistence Score | 3.5 / 5💻 Calculated |
Odor & Flavor
| Primary Descriptors | floralsweet• leffingwell |
| Functional Groups | aldehydealcohol💻 RDKit |
| “The odor will remain for days, weeks or even longer, but the material on a testing blotter is obviously exposed to air attack and polymerization. A good way - but a very strict one - to evaluate this aldehyde is in lukewarm water. It is sufficiently soluble that it will show water-insoluble impurities strongly enhanced on this test. A very fine grade of Hydroxycitronellal will have almost the same”📖 Arctander | |
| Hydroxycitronellal has a sweet, floral, lily-type odor.📖 Fenaroli | |
Flavor Notes (Arctander)
| “odor on this test as it has on a perfume blotter. Hydroxycitronellal has a sweet-floral taste, but shows a bitter aftertaste at concentrations higher than 20 ppm, sometimes even much lower than that. High-grade Hydroxycitronellal is used sparingly in flavor compositions as a floralizer in many types”📖 Arctander |
Sensory Thresholds
| Odor Detection Threshold | 0 ppm📖 van Gemert |
Regulatory Status
| IFRA Listed | Yes — see IFRA Standards for category limits⚖️ IFRA 51 |
| EU Annex III | Listed (restricted)⚖️ IFRA 51 |
| FEMA Number | FEMA 2583⚖️ FEMA GRAS |
| GRAS Status | Generally Recognized as Safe⚖️ FEMA GRAS |
| IOFI Classification | Artificial📖 Fenaroli |
Trade Names
| Laurinal®(Takasago).📖 Surburg |
Physical data: PubChem (NIH/NLM), U.S. EPA CompTox Dashboard, EPA OPERA models, RDKit. Odor & flavor: Arctander (Perfume & Flavor Chemicals), Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Leffingwell. Thresholds: van Gemert (Compilations of Odour Threshold Values). Regulatory: IFRA Standards 51st, FEMA GRAS. Trade names: Surburg (Common Fragrance & Flavor Materials). All data compiled and cross-referenced for perfumertools.com.
Physicochemical Properties
DTXSID: DTXSID6042232
Physical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 172.268 g/mol🔬 EPA CompTox |
| Density | 0.921 g/cm^3🔬 EPA CTX |
| Boiling Point | 240.915 °C🔬 EPA CTX |
| Melting Point | 23 °C🔬 EPA CTX |
| Flash Point | 106.5 °C🔬 EPA CTX |
| Refractive Index | 1.443 Dimensionless📊 OPERA |
| Molar Volume | 188.852 cm^3/mol📊 OPERA |
Partition & Solubility
| LogP (Octanol-Water) | 1.68 Log10 unitless🔬 EPA CTX |
| LogD (pH 5.5) | 2.568 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| LogD (pH 7.4) | 2.568 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| LogKoa (Octanol-Air) | 7.49 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| Water Solubility | 0.11 mol/L🔬 EPA CTX |
| Henry's Law Constant | 0 atm-m3/mole📊 OPERA |
Transport Properties
| Vapor Pressure | 0.005 mmHg🔬 EPA CTX |
| Viscosity | 11.959 cP📊 OPERA |
| Surface Tension | 31.693 dyn/cm📊 OPERA |
| Thermal Conductivity | 149.016 mW/(m*K)📊 OPERA |
Molecular Descriptors
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 37.3 Ų💻 Computed |
| H-Bond Donors | 1 count💻 Computed |
| H-Bond Acceptors | 2 count💻 Computed |
| Rotatable Bonds | 6 count💻 Computed |
| Aromatic Rings | 0 count💻 Computed |
| Molar Refractivity | 50.024 cm^3/mol📊 OPERA |
| Polarizability | 19.831 Å^3📊 OPERA |
Data Sources:
🔬 EPA Experimental data from U.S. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard & CTX APIs. 📊 OPERA Predicted using EPA's OPERA QSAR models. 💻 Computed Calculated from SMILES using RDKit.
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