Sugar, invert (CAS 8013-17-0) — Sweet Base Note Fragrance Ingredient
Sugar, invert
CAS 8013-17-0
What Is Sugar, invert?
Invert sugar is a sweetener commonly found in foods like honey, jams, and baked goods. It’s created by splitting sucrose into glucose and fructose, giving it a smoother texture and enhanced sweetness. In perfumery, it’s rarely used directly but serves as a base for creating caramelic and gourmand fragrance notes that evoke warmth and comfort.
Safety Profile
GENERALLY SAFEWhat Does Sugar, invert Smell Like?
Invert sugar itself is odorless but serves as a foundational material for creating warm, caramelic accords. When used in fragrance compositions, it contributes to gourmand profiles with a rich, syrupy sweetness reminiscent of honey or molasses. It blends seamlessly with vanilla, tonka bean, and amber notes, adding depth and a comforting, edible quality to fragrances. Over time, it helps stabilize sweeter top notes into a creamy, long-lasting drydown.
2D Molecular Structure
SMILES: C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O.C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
Invert sugar is an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose produced by the hydrolysis of sucrose. This cleavage is typically catalyzed by acids or enzymes (invertase). The resulting mixture has greater solubility and sweetness than sucrose alone. In perfumery, it’s primarily used as a carrier or modifier rather than an active odorant, though it can undergo Maillard reactions to form complex caramelic aroma compounds when heated with amino acids.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid |
|---|---|
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gourmand Fragrances | 1-3% | Up to 5% | As a sweetness enhancer |
| Body Care Products | 0.5-2% | Up to 3% | For textural properties |
Classic Accords
Tip: Use as a humectant in alcohol-free fragrances to improve longevity of sweet notes.
Alternatives & Comparisons
Provides stronger caramel sweetness at lower concentrations when pure sweetness is needed without textural effects.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating.
IFRA Status
No restrictions – not classified as fragrance material under IFRA standards.
RIFM Assessment
Not evaluated by RIFM as it’s primarily considered a food ingredient rather than fragrance material.
Sustainability
Invert sugar is typically produced from sugar cane or sugar beet, both renewable resources. Production is energy intensive but biodegradable. Synthetic routes exist but are less common. As a food-grade material, it has minimal environmental impact when disposed of properly.
Explore Sugar, invert
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References
- Food and Agriculture Organization. (1998). Carbohydrates in human nutrition. FAO Report
- McGee, H. (2004). On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen.
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Apr 2026.
Report a data errorIngredient Data Sheet
CAS 8013-17-0Physical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 360.31 g/mol🔬 PubChem |
| Boiling Point | 105 °C🔬 EPA CompTox |
| SMILES | C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O.C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O🔬 PubChem |
Volatility & Performance
| Fragrance Note | Top💻 Calculated |
Odor & Flavor
| Functional Groups | aldehydeketonealcohol💻 RDKit |
Physical data: PubChem (NIH/NLM), U.S. EPA CompTox Dashboard, EPA OPERA models, RDKit. Odor & flavor: Arctander (Perfume & Flavor Chemicals), Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Leffingwell. Thresholds: van Gemert (Compilations of Odour Threshold Values). Regulatory: IFRA Standards 51st, FEMA GRAS. Trade names: Surburg (Common Fragrance & Flavor Materials). All data compiled and cross-referenced for perfumertools.com.
Physicochemical Properties
DTXSID: DTXSID40904290
Physical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 360.31 g/mol🔬 PubChem |
| Density | 1.002 g/cm^3🔬 PubChem |
| Boiling Point | 105 °C🔬 PubChem |
| Flash Point | 58 °C📊 PubChem |
Transport Properties
| Vapor Pressure | 44.4 mmHg📊 PubChem |
Molecular Descriptors
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 236.44 Ų💻 Computed |
| H-Bond Donors | 10 count💻 Computed |
| H-Bond Acceptors | 12 count💻 Computed |
| Rotatable Bonds | 10 count💻 Computed |
| Molar Refractivity | 74.38 cm^3/mol💻 Computed |
Data Sources:
🔬 EPA Experimental data from U.S. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard & CTX APIs. 📊 OPERA Predicted using EPA's OPERA QSAR models. 💻 Computed Calculated from SMILES using RDKit.
