Piper longum CO2 extract (CAS 90082-60-3) — Spicy Middle Note Fragrance Ingredient
Piper longum CO2 extract
CAS 90082-60-3
What Is Piper longum CO2 extract?
Piper longum CO2 extract comes from the long pepper plant, a relative of black pepper. You’ll find it in spicy oriental fragrances and some artisanal food flavorings. This extract captures the plant’s complex aroma without harsh solvents. Its warm, peppery depth makes it valuable for perfumers creating rich, exotic accords.
Safety Profile
USE WITH AWARENESSWhat Does Piper longum CO2 extract Smell Like?
A deep, resinous pepperiness unfolds with earthy undertones reminiscent of aged woods and dried fruits. The initial burst is sharp and medicinal, quickly mellowing into a warm, almost chocolate-like richness. Unlike common black pepper, it carries a lingering sweet-balsamic character that blends beautifully with oriental bases. The dry-down reveals subtle camphoraceous facets that add complexity to spicy compositions.
In Famous Fragrances
Fragrance associations may not reflect actual formulations.
Used for its exotic peppery warmth contrasting with citrus top notes. The CO2 extraction preserves delicate volatile compounds lost in steam distillation.
Provides authentic pepper depth without harshness. The extract’s natural complexity creates a more rounded spice accord than synthetic alternatives.
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
Piper longum CO2 extract contains a complex mixture of piperine analogs, sesquiterpenes, and phenylpropanoids. Supercritical CO2 extraction at specific pressures selectively captures both volatile aromatics and heavier resinous compounds. This method avoids thermal degradation of heat-sensitive components present in traditional steam distillation. The extract’s composition varies by harvest time and plant part used (fruit vs. root).
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Appearance | Viscous amber liquid |
|---|---|
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol and oils |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine Fragrance | 0.5-2% | Up to 5% | Spice modifier |
| Home Fragrance | 0.1-0.5% | Up to 1% | Warmth enhancer |
Classic Accords
Tip: Combine with citrus top notes to prevent the pepper character from becoming too dominant.
Alternatives & Comparisons
More pungent and linear. Use when brighter pepper notes are needed rather than deep complexity.
Synthetic alternative for the woody-peppery aspects without the full natural profile.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating.
IFRA Status
No IFRA restrictions. Contains naturally occurring safrole below restricted levels.
GHS Classification
RIFM Assessment
RIFM monograph available. Considered safe at current use levels.
Sustainability
CO2 extraction uses renewable, non-toxic solvent that’s fully recycled. Sustainable wild harvesting practices are developing in India. The method yields more material per plant than distillation, reducing agricultural pressure.
Explore Piper longum CO2 extract
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References
- Parmar et al. (1997). Phytochemistry of Piper longum. Phytochemistry. DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00654-0
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Apr 2026.
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