Propyl propionate (CAS 106-36-5) — Sweet Top Note Fragrance Ingredient
Propyl propionate
CAS 106-36-5
What Is Propyl propionate?
Propyl propionate is a synthetic ester commonly used in fruit-flavored foods and fragrances. You’ll encounter it in chewing gums, candies, and some perfumes where it contributes a sweet, fruity note. This ingredient matters because it’s a versatile, cost-effective way to add ripe fruit nuances without using natural extracts, making products more affordable while maintaining quality.
Safety Profile
GENERALLY SAFEWhat Does Propyl propionate Smell Like?
Propyl propionate bursts with a juicy, tropical fruit character reminiscent of overripe pineapples and bananas. The top note is intensely sweet with a rum-like undertone, evolving into a softer pear-like heart. As it dries down, it leaves a faintly waxy, almost bubblegum-like trail that blends seamlessly with other fruity notes. Its volatility makes it perfect for creating immediate impact in fragrances.
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
Propyl propionate is a simple ester formed from propanol and propionic acid. Industrially produced via acid-catalyzed esterification, it’s a staple in synthetic flavor chemistry. The molecule lacks chirality, making production straightforward. Its low molecular weight (130.18 g/mol) contributes to high volatility and rapid evaporation in fragrance applications.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Boiling Point | 122-124 °C |
|---|---|
| Density | 0.881 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | 22 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 15.6 mmHg at 25°C |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine Fragrance | 0.5-2% | Up to 5% | Fruity top note booster |
| Functional Fragrance | 1-3% | Up to 10% | Soap/shampoo fruity notes |
| Flavor | 10-50 ppm | Up to 100 ppm | Artificial fruit flavors |
Classic Accords
Tip: Use with citrus top notes to enhance juiciness without overpowering.
Alternatives & Comparisons
More ethereal with apple-like qualities, better for lighter fruit compositions.
Longer-lasting with stronger pineapple character, useful for tropical bases.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating.
IFRA Status
No IFRA restrictions – unlimited use permitted.
GHS Classification
RIFM Assessment
RIFM considers propyl propionate safe for current fragrance use levels.
Sustainability
As a petrochemical derivative, propyl propionate has higher carbon footprint than natural esters. However, its efficient synthesis and low usage rates mitigate environmental impact. No known ecological toxicity at typical use levels, though flammability requires careful handling in production.
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References
- Fenaroli’s Handbook of Flavor Ingredients (6th Ed). CRC Press.
- PubChem Compound Summary for Propyl propionate CID 7897
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Apr 2026.
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