Linalyl propionate (CAS 144-39-8) — Floral Top to middle Note Fragrance Ingredient
Linalyl propionate
CAS 144-39-8
What Is Linalyl propionate?
Linalyl propionate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly found in perfumes, soaps, and household products. It adds a fresh, floral-fruity character reminiscent of bergamot and lavender. This ester is valued for its ability to enhance floral compositions while providing excellent stability in formulations.
Safety Profile
GENERALLY SAFEWhat Does Linalyl propionate Smell Like?
Linalyl propionate opens with a bright, citrusy bergamot-like sparkle that quickly softens into a floral heart reminiscent of lavender and orange blossom. The dry-down reveals a subtle fruity sweetness akin to ripe peaches, with a clean woody-musky undertone that provides excellent tenacity. Compared to linalool, it’s rounder and more persistent, with a polished, almost candied floralcy that works beautifully in modern floral-fruity compositions.
In Famous Fragrances
Fragrance associations may not reflect actual formulations.
Used here to amplify the grapefruit top note while smoothing the transition into the floral heart. Provides a luminous, fruity-floral effect that lasts through the dry-down.
Contributes to the crisp citrus-amber accord, adding persistence to the lemon note while preventing the composition from becoming too sharp.
2D Molecular Structure
SMILES: CCC(=O)OC(C)(CCC=C(C)C)C=C
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
Linalyl propionate is an ester formed by the condensation of linalool and propionic acid. As a synthetic material, it’s typically produced via acid-catalyzed esterification under controlled conditions. The molecule features a tertiary alcohol group and an ester linkage, giving it both floral and fruity odor characteristics. Its stability against hydrolysis makes it particularly useful in alkaline formulations like soaps and detergents.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Boiling Point | ~220 °C (estimated) |
|---|---|
| Density | ~0.89 g/cm³ (estimated) |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine Fragrance | 1-5% | Up to 10% | Floral-fruity modifier |
| Soap | 0.5-2% | Up to 3% | Stable in alkaline conditions |
Classic Accords
Tip: Use to extend citrus top notes while adding floral depth – particularly effective in citrus-floral hybrids.
Alternatives & Comparisons
More volatile with sharper bergamot character. Use when brighter top notes are needed.
The alcohol precursor – more floral but less tenacious and fruity.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating.
IFRA Status
No IFRA restrictions (48th Amendment).
RIFM Assessment
Considered safe for current use levels based on RIFM assessment.
Sustainability
As a synthetic material, linalyl propionate offers consistent quality without natural sourcing constraints. Production typically uses bio-based linalool from sustainable pinene sources. The esterification process has relatively low environmental impact compared to some other synthetic routes.
Explore Linalyl propionate
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References
- Bauer et al. (2001). Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials. Wiley-VCH.
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Apr 2026.
Report a data errorIngredient Data Sheet
CAS 144-39-8Physical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 210.31 g/mol🔬 PubChem |
| LogP (Octanol-Water) | 3.8🔬 PubChem |
| Boiling Point | 115 °C🔬 EPA CompTox |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.0413 mmHg @ 25°C📊 OPERA |
| Flash Point | 101 °C🔬 EPA CompTox |
| Involatility Index | 0.0031💻 Calculated |
| log Kp (skin permeability) | -1.285💻 Calculated |
| SMILES | CCC(=O)OC(C)(CCC=C(C)C)C=C🔬 PubChem |
Volatility & Performance
| Fragrance Note | Top💻 Calculated |
| Volatility Class | Very slow💻 Calculated |
| Persistence Score | 2.9 / 5💻 Calculated |
Odor & Flavor
| Primary Descriptors | floralfruityrosesweet• leffingwell |
| Functional Groups | esteretheralkene💻 RDKit |
| “Fruity-floral, fresh and very sweet Bergamot-Muguet-Pear-like odor of moderate tenacity.”📖 Arctander | |
| Linalyl propionate has a sweet, floral odor reminiscent of bergamot oil and a sweet taste reminiscent of black currant (also pear and pineapple).📖 Fenaroli | |
Flavor Notes (Arctander)
| “Sweet fruity taste, reminiscent of Pear and Pineapple. The ester finds use in flavor compositions, partly as a sweetener, partly as fruity back-”📖 Arctander |
Regulatory Status
| FEMA Number | FEMA 2645⚖️ FEMA GRAS |
| GRAS Status | Generally Recognized as Safe⚖️ FEMA GRAS |
| IOFI Classification | Nature Identical📖 Fenaroli |
Physical data: PubChem (NIH/NLM), U.S. EPA CompTox Dashboard, EPA OPERA models, RDKit. Odor & flavor: Arctander (Perfume & Flavor Chemicals), Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Leffingwell. Thresholds: van Gemert (Compilations of Odour Threshold Values). Regulatory: IFRA Standards 51st, FEMA GRAS. Trade names: Surburg (Common Fragrance & Flavor Materials). All data compiled and cross-referenced for perfumertools.com.
Physicochemical Properties
DTXSID: DTXSID1047574
Physical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 210.317 g/mol🔬 EPA CompTox |
| Density | 0.895 g/cm^3🔬 EPA CTX |
| Boiling Point | 223 °C🔬 EPA CTX |
| Melting Point | -34.803 °C📊 OPERA |
| Flash Point | 101 °C🔬 EPA CTX |
| Refractive Index | 1.454 Dimensionless📊 OPERA |
| Molar Volume | 235.163 cm^3/mol📊 OPERA |
Partition & Solubility
| LogP (Octanol-Water) | 4.287 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| LogD (pH 5.5) | 4.287 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| LogD (pH 7.4) | 4.287 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| LogKoa (Octanol-Air) | 5.81 Log10 unitless📊 OPERA |
| Water Solubility | 0 mol/L🔬 EPA CTX |
| Henry's Law Constant | 0 atm-m3/mole📊 OPERA |
Transport Properties
| Vapor Pressure | 0.057 mmHg🔬 EPA CTX |
| Viscosity | 1.612 cP📊 OPERA |
| Surface Tension | 26.917 dyn/cm📊 OPERA |
| Thermal Conductivity | 132.203 mW/(m*K)📊 OPERA |
Molecular Descriptors
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 26.3 Ų💻 Computed |
| H-Bond Donors | 0 count💻 Computed |
| H-Bond Acceptors | 2 count💻 Computed |
| Rotatable Bonds | 6 count💻 Computed |
| Aromatic Rings | 0 count💻 Computed |
| Molar Refractivity | 63.643 cm^3/mol📊 OPERA |
| Polarizability | 25.23 Å^3📊 OPERA |
Data Sources:
🔬 EPA Experimental data from U.S. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard & CTX APIs. 📊 OPERA Predicted using EPA's OPERA QSAR models. 💻 Computed Calculated from SMILES using RDKit.
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