Piperazine (CAS 110-85-0) — Top Note Fragrance Ingredient

ByThe Good Scents



sweet fish

Piperazine

CAS 110-85-0

Note
top
Volatility
high
MW
86.14
Data as of: Jun 2026

What Is Piperazine?

Piperazine (CAS 110-85-0) is an aroma chemical used as a fragrance and flavour ingredient. Its odour is described as sweet, fish and garlic, placing it as a top note with high volatility. With a molecular weight of 86.14 (formula C4H10N2), it is handled by perfumers as a building block for compositions where a sweet character is desired. The data below is compiled from public chemical and regulatory sources.

Safety Profile

USE WITH AWARENESS

Generally safeUse with awarenessProfessional use
CAS
110-85-0
Formula
C4H10N2
MW
86.14
InChIKey
GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Piperazine 2D structure

Piperazine
C4H10N2
Layer 1 · Enthusiast

What Does Piperazine Smell Like?

The odour profile of Piperazine is reported as sweet, fish, garlic, spices, cold, sour, burnt, acid, warm, musky, sweaty, ammonia/urinous, decayed, wood, grass, flower, chemical, edible, animalic, bakery. The dominant facet is its sweet character, with the remaining notes adding nuance and complexity. As a top note it contributes to the opening of a fragrance. Perceived intensity and exact character depend on concentration, the carrier and the surrounding accord.

Scent Profile

Profile derived from public odour-descriptor data; relative, not absolute.

Layer 2

Chemistry & Properties

The Chemistry

Piperazine has the molecular formula C4H10N2 and a molecular weight of 86.14 g/mol. Its canonical SMILES representation is C1CNCCN1. Its reported log P (XLogP) of -1.50 indicates a relatively water-miscible molecule, which informs how it partitions in a formula. Physical constants below are drawn from PubChem and EPA CompTox public datasets.

Physical & Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight 86.14 g/mol
Boiling Point 146.0 °C
Melting Point 107.0 °C
Flash Point 51.44 °C
Density 1.10 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure 4.05 mmHg
Water Solubility 11.64 g/L
XLogP -1.50

Perfumer Guide

Note Position
Top
Volatility
High
Primary Odour
Sweet

Alternatives & Comparisons

Ingredients occupying a similar odour space — useful as substitutes or companions when Piperazine is unavailable or restricted.

1
Isopentylamine CAS 107-85-7

Shares bakery, sweet, fish character — a candidate substitute or companion in the same odour space.

2
2-Acetyl-3-Ethylpyrazine CAS 32974-92-8

Shares bakery, sweet, fish character — a candidate substitute or companion in the same odour space.

3
Ethyl 3-(Furfurylthio) Propionate CAS 94278-27-0

Shares bakery, sweet, fish character — a candidate substitute or companion in the same odour space.

Layer 3

Safety & Regulatory

⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer

General reference only. IFRA, REACH and EU Cosmetics Regulation standards update periodically. Consult the current IFRA Standards Library before formulating. Not legal or regulatory advice.

IFRA Status

No IFRA restriction recorded in the data set. This is not a guarantee of unrestricted status — always confirm against the current IFRA Standards Library.

GHS Classification

Signal word: Danger

H314H317H334

Odour detection threshold (air): 0.03 ppb — a literature-curated value indicating its potency in the vapour phase.

Formulating with Piperazine?

Open Piperazine in Fragrance Studio (Pro) for the calibrated vapour-pressure curve, the modelled odour-threshold estimate, and the substitute-matching engine across 2,900+ aromachemicals.

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References & Sources

  1. PubChem Compound Summary (NIH) — search by InChIKey
  2. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard — physicochemical & fate data
  3. IFRA Standards Library (49th / 51st Amendment)
Sources: PubChem (NIH) · EPA CompTox · IFRA Standards Library · public GHS classification. Odour descriptors are original editorial summaries of public profiles, not reproduced from any single proprietary source.

Data: PubChem (NIH), EPA CompTox, IFRA. Last reviewed: Jun 2026.

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