1-Cyclohexene-1-propanoic acid, ethyl ester (CAS 65173-43-5) — Green Middle Note Fragrance Ingredient
1-Cyclohexene-1-propanoic acid, ethyl ester
CAS 65173-43-5
What Is 1-Cyclohexene-1-propanoic acid, ethyl ester?
1-Cyclohexene-1-propanoic acid, ethyl ester is a synthetic fragrance ingredient used in perfumes and scented products. It contributes a unique woody-green character to formulations. This ester is valued by perfumers for its ability to add depth and naturalistic nuances to modern green and woody fragrance compositions.
Safety Profile
GENERALLY SAFEWhat Does 1-Cyclohexene-1-propanoic acid, ethyl ester Smell Like?
This synthetic ester opens with a crisp, green-woody burst reminiscent of crushed stems and damp forest floors. The initial sharpness evolves into a smoother, slightly fruity heart with undertones of unripe apples. The dry-down reveals a subtle earthy character with lingering woody nuances that blend seamlessly with base notes. Its odor profile bridges the gap between naturalistic green materials and synthetic woody-amber materials.
In Famous Fragrances
Fragrance associations may not reflect actual formulations.
Used as a green-woody bridge between citrus top notes and mossy base notes, adding depth to the fragrance’s naturalistic forest accord.
Provides subtle green nuances that complement the vetiver heart, preventing the composition from becoming too dark or heavy.
Employed as a modern green alternative to traditional galbanum, contributing to the hyper-realistic leafy accord.
Adds woody texture to the coastal accord, enhancing the naturalistic driftwood impression.
Used to create the scent of wet greenery after rain, blending with violet leaf and ozone notes.
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
1-Cyclohexene-1-propanoic acid, ethyl ester belongs to the class of cyclic unsaturated esters. It is synthesized through esterification reactions between cyclohexene derivatives and propanoic acid, followed by ethylation. The molecule features both a reactive double bond and ester functionality, which influences its odor characteristics and chemical behavior. The cyclohexene ring provides structural rigidity while the ester side chain contributes to volatility and diffusion properties.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | Estimated 180-220 °C |
| Density | Estimated 0.9-1.0 g/cm³ |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine Fragrance | 0.5-2% | Up to 5% | Green-woody modifier |
| Functional Fragrance | 0.1-0.5% | Up to 1% | Freshness booster |
| Home Care | 0.05-0.2% | Up to 0.5% | Green note component |
| Personal Care | 0.1-0.3% | Up to 0.8% | Naturalistic woody accent |
Classic Accords
Tip: Use as a bridge between citrus top notes and woody base materials to create seamless transitions.
Alternatives & Comparisons
More intense green character with better diffusion, suitable when stronger projection is needed.
Softer green alternative with floral nuances, useful for delicate compositions.
Sharper green note for formulations requiring more pronounced leafy character.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating.
IFRA Status
Not currently restricted by IFRA standards.
RIFM Assessment
No specific RIFM assessment found for this material.
Sustainability
As a synthetic material, this ester avoids natural resource depletion concerns. Production typically involves petrochemical feedstocks, though bio-based routes may be possible through fermentation-derived precursors. The synthetic nature allows for consistent quality and reduces batch-to-batch variability compared to natural alternatives.
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References
- Bauer, K. et al. (2001). Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials. Wiley-VCH.
- Arctander, S. (1969). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals. Allured Publishing.
- Sell, C. (2019). Chemistry and the Sense of Smell. Wiley.
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Apr 2026.
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