4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine (CAS 2057-49-0) — Woody Middle to base Note Fragrance Ingredient
4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine
CAS 2057-49-0
What Is 4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine?
4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine is a synthetic fragrance ingredient used in niche perfumery to add warm, spicy, and slightly animalic nuances. It’s found in select luxury fragrances where a sophisticated edge is desired. This molecule matters because it bridges gourmand and oriental accords, offering perfumers a tool for creating complex, evolving scents that stand out in modern compositions.
Safety Profile
USE WITH AWARENESSWhat Does 4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine Smell Like?
Opens with a warm, peppery burst reminiscent of black pepper and nutmeg, quickly revealing a deep, honeyed tobacco core. The pyridine ring contributes a subtle leathery nuance that evolves into a velvety, almost chocolate-like drydown. When diluted, it exhibits a surprising floral facet akin to carnation petals dipped in amber resin. The overall effect is rich and tenacious, with excellent diffusion that lingers close to the skin for hours.
In Famous Fragrances
Fragrance associations may not reflect actual formulations.
Used here to amplify the dark chocolate accord, adding a smoky, almost burnt sugar dimension that contrasts beautifully with the rum and coffee notes.
Provides the crucial bridge between the tobacco heart and oud base, creating a seamless transition with its leathery-spicy character.
Chemistry, Properties & Perfumer Guide
The Chemistry
A pyridine derivative with a phenylpropyl side chain, this synthetic molecule belongs to the heterocyclic aromatic compounds class. Its synthesis typically involves alkylation of pyridine with 3-phenylpropyl halides. The nitrogen in the pyridine ring creates polarity while the extended conjugation system contributes to its excellent tenacity. The molecule’s planar structure allows for strong π-π stacking interactions with olfactory receptors.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | ~300 °C (estimated) |
| Density | ~1.05 g/cm³ (estimated) |
Perfumer Guide
| Application | Typical % | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine Fragrance | 0.5-2% | Up to 3% | Powerful modifier in oriental accords |
| Home Fragrance | 0.1-0.5% | Up to 1% | Used sparingly for warmth |
Classic Accords
Tip: Always pre-dilute to 10% in ethanol before incorporating to ensure even distribution.
Alternatives & Comparisons
For sweeter caramelic effects without the leathery depth, though lacks the spicy complexity.
Safety, Regulatory & Sustainability
⚠ Regulatory Disclaimer
General reference only. Consult current IFRA Standards Library before formulating.
IFRA Status
Not currently restricted by IFRA standards.
GHS Classification
RIFM Assessment
Under evaluation by RIFM as of 2023, preliminary data suggests safe use below 3% in leave-on products.
Sustainability
As a fully synthetic material, production avoids agricultural impacts but requires petrochemical feedstocks. Recent advances in green chemistry aim to reduce synthesis steps and improve atom economy.
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References
- Brenna et al. (2012). Heterocyclic Fragrance Chemistry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. DOI: 10.1021/jf2049149
Data: PubChem (NIH), PubMed, RIFM, IFRA. Last reviewed: Apr 2026.
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